Odyssey Essays (571 words) - Odyssey, Ancient Greek Religion

Odyssey The great muses are called upon by Homer to tell the great adventure of Odysseus in his travel back to his home. Prayers are given to the Greek Gods and muses by Homer in order to proceed this story. The Greeks life revolved around the gods in a matter of fashion as we presently revolve around Christianity. The depiction of the roles the gods played in the Odyssey is both presented in good and evil. The Greeks portrayed their gods as powerful and merciful. However in the Odyssey the gods play a role in a savior like Jesus Christ and the tormentor like Satan. With the present role in the story of Odyssey the gods can be seen as a key role in Odysseus life. Odysseus alone cannot have escaped the treacherous Trojan War without the aid of the gods. However can it be reconcile that the gods were truly the ones who controlled our lives? In Odysseus's case the gods played a vital role. Throughout the entire story Athena was the crutch Odysseus and his family leaned on in the time of aid. Through the treacherous paths Odysseus traveled it was hope of seeing Penelope and his son Telemachus that brought him strength and wisdom. With the loves one left behind Odysseus fearlessly face the gods and tramples over their challenges. Without the help of Athena and her wisdom and devotion to Odysseus his challenges would be help with no boundaries. With Athena on Odysseus side, he was able to return home without any harms done to him or his family. With the gods in favor of Odysseus return all he had to fight was the challenges Poseidon threw at him. With the water being the only road back to his home this challenge was fare more difficult then the Trojan War itself. With the guidance of Athena Odysseus was safely returned to Ithica. Even though Athena played a key role in Odysseus life she was still unable to protect him from the challenges he faced with Poseidon, Calypso, and Helios. The gods can be seen as Odysseus's sub-conscience. Athena being Odysseus's wisdom, Helios the jealousy hidden in our curiosity, Calypso the temptation we face, and Poseidon the challenges in life we face everyday. These main Gods played a key role in Odysseus's life. Poseidon tormented blinded Polyphemus. Poseidon would have never tormented Odysseus if only he kept his boastful self-quiet. A lesson in life learned by Odysseus to keep him self- humble at all times. Odysseus faced other challenges that slowed his journey towards home seem longer. Calypso who kept Odysseus on her island for seven years offered him the impossible. Odysseus with his wife in mind declined the gift for a passage towards home. With temptation and challenges that blockaded Odysseus journey home. However Odysseus and his deceased crew could of made it home safely if it wasn't for the curiosity and jealousy of the crew to open the bag of wind and their evil temptation to kill and eat Helios cows. The gods playing minor roles it was human nature that brought the crewmembers to their doom and slowed Odysseus down from returning home. Homer portrayed human nature with the gods and goddesses. We are our own enemy. We are the ones who lay the path in our life and destination. However there are bumps in the word that slow us down and break us down. With hope we resist temptation and fight evil off. The gods in the Odyssey portrayed the good and evil in human nature. Odysseus being the hero of the Odyssey resisted and learned valuable lessons in life on his adventure back home.

Free Essays on The Nobel Peace Prize For Literature

The Noble Prize for Literature A prize is best defined as â€Å"something offered or won as an award for superiority or victory, as in a contest or competition† (3). Throughout the history of mankind rewards and prizes have been presented to those who conquered great achievements. Great achievements where awards are giving and names are remembered can only be awarded if one impacts the thoughts and visions of mankind. Of all great achieves and rewards, the Noble Prize is one in which stands out worldwide. The Nobel Prize is the most primitive global award given yearly ever since 1901 for accomplishments in chemistry, medicine, physics, or physiology, literature and peace (1). This paper will focus mainly on the Nobel Prize in Literature and discuss what good it promotes towards mankind. In doing so throughout this paper the following researched information will be discussed: what does the Noble Prize stand for, how does one qualify, when is the Nobel Price awarded, how many people have been award the p rize, and how does it inspire the good of mankind. Literature can defined as an imaginative or creative writing, especially of recognized artistic value: â€Å"Literature must be an analysis of experience and a synthesis of the findings into a unity† (Rebecca West). The Nobel Prize in Literature has acknowledged the whole range of literary works including plays, poetry, short stories, speeches, and essays. The Nobel Prize for Literature is granted not for a single book, but for an author’s entire body of work, therefore usually goes to a well established writer. â€Å"According to the will of Alfred Nobel the prize should be awarded "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between the nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses" (4). The Noble Prize in Literature has been awarded to unfamiliar masters as well as authors acclaim... Free Essays on The Nobel Peace Prize For Literature Free Essays on The Nobel Peace Prize For Literature The Noble Prize for Literature A prize is best defined as â€Å"something offered or won as an award for superiority or victory, as in a contest or competition† (3). Throughout the history of mankind rewards and prizes have been presented to those who conquered great achievements. Great achievements where awards are giving and names are remembered can only be awarded if one impacts the thoughts and visions of mankind. Of all great achieves and rewards, the Noble Prize is one in which stands out worldwide. The Nobel Prize is the most primitive global award given yearly ever since 1901 for accomplishments in chemistry, medicine, physics, or physiology, literature and peace (1). This paper will focus mainly on the Nobel Prize in Literature and discuss what good it promotes towards mankind. In doing so throughout this paper the following researched information will be discussed: what does the Noble Prize stand for, how does one qualify, when is the Nobel Price awarded, how many people have been award the p rize, and how does it inspire the good of mankind. Literature can defined as an imaginative or creative writing, especially of recognized artistic value: â€Å"Literature must be an analysis of experience and a synthesis of the findings into a unity† (Rebecca West). The Nobel Prize in Literature has acknowledged the whole range of literary works including plays, poetry, short stories, speeches, and essays. The Nobel Prize for Literature is granted not for a single book, but for an author’s entire body of work, therefore usually goes to a well established writer. â€Å"According to the will of Alfred Nobel the prize should be awarded "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between the nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses" (4). The Noble Prize in Literature has been awarded to unfamiliar masters as well as authors acclaim...

Find out What Polypropylene Is and What Its Used For

Find out What Polypropylene Is and What It's Used For Polypropylene is a type of thermoplastic polymer resin. It is a part of both the average household and is in commercial and industrial applications. The chemical designation is C3H6. One of the benefits of using this type of plastic is that it can be useful in numerous applications including as a structural plastic or as a fiber-type plastic. History The history of polypropylene began in 1954 when a German chemist named Karl Rehn and an Italian chemist named Giulio Natta first polymerized it. This led to a large commercial production of the product that began just three years later. Natta synthesized the first syndiotactic polypropylene. Everyday Uses The uses of polypropylene are numerous because of how versatile this product is. According to some reports, the global market for this plastic is 45.1 million tons, which equates to a consumer market use of about $65 billion. It is used in products such as the following: Plastic parts - from toys to automobile productsCarpeting - in all forms of carpeting, area rugs and in upholsteryReusable products - especially in containers and similar productsPaper - used in various applications for stationery and other writing bindingsTechnology - commonly found in loudspeakers and similar types of equipmentLaboratory equipment - in virtually every aspect where plastics are foundThermoplastic fiber reinforced composites There are a few reasons that manufacturers turn to this type of plastic over others. Consider its applications and benefits: Benefits of Polypropylene The use of polypropylene in everyday applications occurs because of how versatile this plastic is. For example, it has a high melting point compared to similarly weighted plastics. As a result, this product works very well for use in food containers where temperatures can reach high levels - such as microwaves and in dishwashers. With a melting point of 320 degrees F, it is easy to see why this application makes sense. It is easy to customize, too. One of the benefits it offers to manufacturers is the ability to add dye to it. It can be colored in various ways without degrading the quality of the plastic. This is also one of the reasons it is commonly used to make up the fibers in carpeting. It also adds strength and durability to the carpeting. This type of carpeting can be found effective for use not only indoors but also outdoors, where damage from the sun and elements doesnt affect it as readily as other types of plastics. Other benefits include the following: It does not absorb water like other plastics.It does not mold or otherwise deteriorates in the presence of bacteria, mold or other elements.Newer versions contain an elastic element to them. This gives them a rubber-like composition and opens the door for new uses.It is unlikely to shatter and will take significant damage prior to breaking, though it is not as sturdy as other plastics such as polyethylene.It is lightweight and very flexible. Chemical Properties and Uses Understanding polypropylene is important because it is significantly different from other types of products. Its properties allow it to be effective in the use of material popular in everyday use, including any situation in which a non-staining and non-toxic solution is necessary. It is also inexpensive. It is an excellent alternative to others because it does not contain BPA. BPA is not a safe option for food packaging since this chemical has been shown to leach into the food products. It has been linked to various health issues, especially in children. It has a low level of electrical conductivity as well. This allows it to be highly effective in electronic products. Because of these advantages, polypropylene is likely to be in most American homes. This versatile plastic is one of the most commonly used in these situations.

Marketing Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing Analysis - Essay Example Today Systems Insurance fulfills its commitment made to customers by providing auto, home, life and business insurance rooted in the founding values ofhonesty, affordability, and service on the basis that our customers come first. We offer products that will protect you without any hidden surprises. Together with a large network of independent insurance agents Systems Insurance serves more than 5 million insurance Customers in 16 states as well asCosta Rica, and the District of Columbia. With our agents, we continue to carry out the company’s founding purpose: Our Customers know we will work to go the distance to help them with their insurance needs and to recover after any monetary loss. That may be the reason behind System Insurance retaining over 92 percent of Customers, year after year. The following is meant as a guideline to help while implementing a new business innovation, to help the organization evolve and grow through the efficiency and productivity of both Agents and customers. As with most, if not all insurance companies, Systems Insurance wishes to remain profitable while implementing innovative, products, and technology. Increase revenue without increasing the rate of our policies. At Systems Insurance, our company revolves around our dedicated Agents. Our daily goal is to maintain and improve the effectiveness of policies in order to help Agents bring in new customers. Agents depend on the effectiveness of the technology we provide, by providing the best technology we help to ensure we continue to offer the highest levels of customer service Systems Insurance will continue to grow to compete with the largest of Insurance companies. The growth of Systems Insurance Agents has led to a large push in the number of Policy Holders we hold today, as well as the overall organizational footprint. Systems Insurance runs a strict risk management plan,

The impacts of both secondary education and bank credit rates on per Coursework

The impacts of both secondary education and bank credit rates on per capital gross domestic product - Coursework Example The study tells that gross domestic product measures a country’s total productivity level. It is defined as the total cost of economic outputs and consists of government expenditure, investments, net export, and consumption. Per capita gross domestic product, a derivative of real gross domestic product is on the other hand a product of population. Consumption in an economy is a factor of people’s disposable income. Similarly, available resources determine the level of a country’s export and hence its net export. Investments, which can be attained through public or private sectors also depends of capital through savings and loans while government expenditures includes spending from central and local governments. Commercial banks and other financial institutions therefore play an important role in economic development through availing investment capital in the form of loans. Provision of financial support also boosts the level of disposable income at a time and as a result boosts consumption. Banks lending capacity however depends on their credit rates that dictate availability of loans as well as loan interest rates. Financial crisis into low credit rates would therefore translate to lower circulation of money and a consequently strained economy through low consumption, investment and export levels. Education has also been identified as an integral factor of economic growth. Researchers and scholars argue that the level of income in jobs is significantly determined by a person’s academic qualifications.... Similarly, educated individuals are relatively more informed and tend to budget their incomes into savings and investments. These observations qualify secondary education, which is a step into colleges and universities, as an important factor to improving per capital gross domestic product (Bloom et al, 2005, p. 16). Research into determining existence and significance of relationships between variables such as per capita gross domestic product and its factors can be undertaken through regression analysis. Linear regression also determines degree of impacts of each explanatory variable in a model and is based on assumptions of linearity, homoscedasticity, and normality of variables (Newbold, Carlson & Thorne, 2010, p. 428; Ryan, 2011, p. 407, 408). This paper seeks to investigate the relationship between per capita gross domestic product and two dependent variables, rate of enrolment in secondary schools and credit rates of financial institutions. The paper will answer two research q uestions, ‘Is there a significant relationship between per capital gross domestic product and two dependent variables, secondary education enrolment and bank rates?’ and ‘Which of the two variables has higher effects on per capita gross domestic product?’ The paper will test the following sets of hypothesis, H 0: ?i=0; There is no significant relationship H 1: not all are zero; there is a significant relationship Using analytical approach, the effects of the two independent variables on per capita gross domestic product will be analysed. The paper will also test on the validity of statistical assumptions of regression analysis. Methods Participants in the project were selected nations whose economic data were

Unemployment in the UAE: Causes and Effects

Unemployment in the UAE: Causes and Effects Table of Contents (Jump to) Analyze the reasons and effect of the unemployment suggest an applicable solutions to cope these problems Evaluate the advantage and disadvantages monetary policy being implement in the chosen country Advantages Disadvantages Monetary policy Find out and explain the effectiveness how to use it to fix unemployment . Monetary Policy: Whats the Most Cost Effective Unemployment Solution?: Using Solutions: Unemployment Benefits: Monetary Policy Risks: 1. Analyze the reasons and effect of the unemployment suggest an applicable solutions to cope these problems Generally because of their oil riches, the economies of the GCC nations have passed through real budgetary and social progressions throughout the previous decades that incorporate the investment blast of the 1970s and early 1980s and the bust of the late 1980s and 1990s. Emulating the sharp build in worldwide oil costs in the 1970s and early 1980s, the dominant presences in these nations reused the windfall oil picks up through liberal welfare framework, and a huge open financing program in foundation, utilities, and essential businesses. In coupled with these arrangements, governments assumed the part of first business resort which inevitably prompted congestion open part and expanded government consumptions on pay rates (Forstenlechner, Rutledge, 2010). Specifically, the administrations of the GCC urged locals to join general society part by offering profits bundles as appealing annuity and social stipends for companions and kids and financed the procurement of lodging, educating whats more wellbeing and essential customer items. Underlying open segment business and pay structures is the social contract of the GCC nations which prompted the grouping of more than 85% of local laborers openly vocation and which, accepted, brought about their underemployment. Generally, broad subsidies that were the impetuses of the social contract made an salary impact that appear to have had a general public wide impact on recreation designs in light of the fact that of social multiplier where the comes back to relaxation builds as more individuals are meeting expectations shorter hours and taking longer vacations (Forstenlechner, Rutledge, 2010).3 In parallel, GCC governments sought after open outskirt arrangements to outside specialists, guaranteeing sufficient supply of work at focused compensation at all ability levels. According to Sherif, (2013)The reservation wages of remote specialists reflecting their normal income in their nation of origin, balanced for commitment to transmit family help also put something aside for speculation in their nation of origin are much lower than the reservation compensation of the nationals at tantamount aptitudes. The double destinations of vigorously sponsoring local wages and livelihood, as a component of the social contract, and seeking after open-fringe work imports arrangements keeping in mind the end goal to keep up aggressiveness prompted the formation of a portioned work markets where locals bunch in the general population area whose profit level is moment and work hours are short while the additionally requesting occupations were left to outside laborers in the private area of the economy that paid significantly lower compensation and requested noticeably more hours (Sherif, 2013). 2. Evaluate the advantage and disadvantages monetary policy being implement in the chosen country Advantages The following is the arrangement of favorable circumstances of the Emiratisation: It adds to the development and manageability of the organizations and makers when they need to depend vigorously on the nearby inhabitants of the nation. The UAE society will be pushed and spread. It backings and helps the development and learning of the UAE nationals for the advancement and profits of the human capital improvement. Disadvantages The real detriment of the Emiratization is the constrained dependence on the livelihood of the UAE nationals (Elasrag, 2014). The private segment is as of now lingering behind general society division and the UAE national are not eager to work in the private part. Monetary policy The Government of the UAE utilizes a dynamic expansionary money related arrangement that is devoted to developing the economy and creating the fancied investment objectives of stable costs, low unemployment and high and managed budgetary development as confirmation by the article gave Dubai plots come back to credit markets. Dubai wants to offer more securities with a specific end goal to fund a more different budgetary method. With more cash under control, Dubai will push ahead with arrangements to expand genuine GDP by expanding government using on things, for example, base and ventures in the flight market. This is a methodology that is in lock-venture with governments’ monetary strategy to attain the three economic objectives. While the objective continues as before, the suggestions are more serious and conceivably more tragic. Likewise with financial arrangement, we pick up a finer understanding of how this could conceivably impact the three monetary objectives by dichoto mizing the subject into Hands-on (active) monetary approach, or Hands-off (free market) fiscal strategy. Once more, it is comprehended that the Hands-off financial arrangement generally implies next to zero government intercession which is at last a disagreement of fiscal approach (Elasrag, 2014). Purchase offering securities the UAE is expressing certainly that it accepts that by acquiring the money and issuing the security to the buyer at a certain premium rate, it can transform around and put the money into the channels it sees fit, whether this is base or flight, and afterward payback the obligation when the venture turns beneficial. The arrangement faces numerous possibilities and blocks on the capability of the UAE further bolstering take full good fortune by giving the trade something to do in for cold hard currency the most productive way that could be available, and if history is any marker Dubais track record of dangerous wagers is not a beyond any doubt thing. In any case, the results will without a doubt be higher of GDP because of dynamic Hands-on money related arrangement (Elasrag, 2014). A Hands-off money related approach would, basically, oblige that no obligation be issued, rather sufficient money to put would need to be actually under control before forward movement could start on any venture, paying little respect to how gainful the speculation is regarded to be. This out of date idea of looking before you jump appears to be falling further antiquated with each security issued In a Hands-off business sector economy, executing fiscal strategy to attain specific results, for instance changing the cash supply by offering more government issued securities to accomplish higher yield of GDP, is viewed as terrible cash administration and in opposition to the thought of Hands-off trading and lending (Driouchi, 2014). To streamline the viewpoint lets envision the UAE is a little family crew. Would it be sound approach for a house that is stretched out beyond their intends to take part in additionally getting with a specific end goal to accomplish a higher expectation for everyday life? Regardless of the fact that the objective is thought to be a build of the families general salary, the danger of selling your future could have unintended consequences that are sweeping and generational. The UAE could never be confounded with a little family, with unlimited future riches originating from a seeming less unending supply of oil. By utilizing the Hands-on hypothesis, Dubai will offer government issued bonds and utilize the money to manufacture streets and landing strips, giving its subjects something to do immediately, successfully keeping unemployment low and GDP high (Driouchi, 2014). 3. Find Out and Explain the Effectiveness How To Use It to Fix Unemployment The answer for unemployment is, clearly, to make new occupations. Normally, a solid financial development rate of 2-3% is sufficient to make the 150,000 new occupations required to keep unemployment from climbing. At the point when unemployment crawls over 6-7% and stays there, it implies the economy isnt solid enough to make sufficient new employments without help. That is the point at which the legislature is required to venture in and give results. See what the legislature has attempted in the past with Unemployment Rate by Year (Raven, 2011). Money related Policy: The result utilized first to address managed high unemployment is fiscal boost from the Federal Reserve. Sweeping financial approach is effective, snappy and typically compelling. Lower investment rates permit families to acquire all the more affordably to purchase what they need, in the same way as autos, homes and buyer hardware. This invigorates enough request to return the economy on track. Low investment rates likewise permit organizations to get for less, providing for them the funding to contract new laborers to take care of climbing demand. Monetary Policy: Nonetheless, when fiscal approach doesnt work, then monetary arrangement is normally requested. This method the administration should either slice charges or build using to invigorate the economy (Raven, 2011). Monetary arrangement is typically slower to begin, since Congress and the President must concur on what ought to be carried out. Nonetheless, it could be more compelling once executed. It additionally gives much- required certainty that the administration will empower the economy and things will improve. Certainty is a significant element in persuading individuals to use now for a superior future. Cutting charges has a comparative, however much more straightforward, impact as lower investment rates. It gives purchasers more cash to use, expanding interest. It additionally cuts costs for organizations, which can utilize the money to contribute within their business and contract more laborers. Government using normally takes the manifestation of occupations projects, where the legislature employs laborers and organizations straightforwardly to fabricate things or give administrations (Raven, 2011). This demonstrations like a tax break, by giving shoppers the money they have to purchase more items. Whats the Most Cost Effective Unemployment Solution? Nonetheless, not all financial approach results are made equivalent. Dollar for dollar, whats the best financing that makes the most occupations? A few examination studies indicate that the most savvy result is giving development occupations to, of all things, mass travel. The following most practical is unemployment profits and the third best occupations supplier is financing instruction. Tax reductions, whether payroll or no matters how you look at it pay assessment, are less powerful (Forstenlechner, Rutledge, 2010). Whats the slightest viable occupations maker? Safeguard using. Here’s Tax Cuts: As indicated by a U Mass/Amherst study, the most well known financial jolt, in all cases wage tax breaks, is not the savviest. One billion dollars in cuts made 10,779 employments, in light of the fact that just a large portion of the cash ($505 million) specialists accepted was used. The rest was spared or used to pay down obligations. (Source: Umass/Amherst, Robert Pollin and Heidi Garrett-Peltier, Department of Economics and Political Economy Research Institute, The Employment Effects of Military and Domestic Spending Priorities, October 2007) (Forstenlechner, Rutledge, 2010). Its more practical to give organizations payroll tax breaks. A study by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) found that each $1 billion in payroll charge alleviation made 13,000 new employments. The best place to give business charge easing is with little organizations, which are the key driver for 65% of all new employments (Forstenlechner, Rutledge, 2010). (Source: CBO, The Economic Outlook and Fiscal Policy Choices, September 28, 2010) Using Solutions: The U Mass/Amherst specialists found that subsidizing mass travel gives the most value for the money. One billion dollars used makes 19,795 development occupations. An alternate practical result is using on training. One billion used employing instructors makes 17,687 occupations. It has the extra profit of including an extra $1.3 billion into the economy, as all the more exceedingly taught individuals improve employments on their own, and can purchase more things with the higher wages they acquire. The slightest savvy in occupations creation is military using, which just makes 8,555 for the same financing (Sherif, 2013). That is on account of its more capital serious, as advanced barrier depends all the more on automatons, F-16s, and plane carrying warships than infantry. Unemployment Benefits: Beside open works ventures, the second savviest utilization of government stores is giving profits to the unemployed. The CBO study discovered 19,000 occupations are made for each $1 billion in profits. That is on account of the unemployed are well on the way to use each dime they get on the rudiments, in the same way as basic needs, garments and lodging. This drives retailers and producers to contract more individuals to take care of the extra demand. The other preference of unemployment profits is it is quick. The legislature simply composes a check, which promptly goes into the economy. Open works undertakings can take a while to get actualized. For additional, see why Extended Unemployment benefits are the best way to boost the Economy (Elasrag, 2014). Monetary Policy Risks: The downside of monetary strategy is it can add to the financial backing deficiency, making more government obligation. As obligation methodologies 100% of the economys aggregate yield, it can really abate monetary development. That is on account of moguls lose interest for that legislatures obligation, which makes investment rates ascent, expanding the expense of getting. Then again, backers of supply-side matters of trade and profit say that, about whether, the economy will be helped so much that it will make up the lost expense income. All answers for decrease unemployment must make interest to invigorate the economy (Driouchi, 2014). For additional, see Job Creation: Ideas, Statistics and Creation by President. References Forstenlechner, I., Rutledge, E. (2010). Unemployment in the Gulf: time to update the â€Å"social contract†.Middle East Policy,17(2), 38-51. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-4967.2010.00437.x/abstract;jsessionid=319D805ACF3FAE59970D9F3599158EF3.f04t02?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=userIsAuthenticated=false Sherif, S. (2013). Macroeconomic policy, localization and reducing unemployment: The crucial human resource issues for the UAE.Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal incorporating Journal of Global Competitiveness,23(2), 158-174. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=17084231show=abstract Elasrag, H. (2014). Ø §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ´Ãƒâ„¢Ã†â€™ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ © Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨ÃƒËœÃ‚ ·ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ © Ù Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ° Ø ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ Ù†¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬   Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ®Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã…   (Unemployment and Job Creation in the GCC Countries).Available at SSRN 2411584. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2411584 Driouchi, A. (2014). Unemployment Persistence Risks of Skill Obsolescence in Arab Countries. http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53793/ Raven, J. (2011). Emiratizing the education sector in the UAE: contextualization and challenges.Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues,4(2), 134-141. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1926573show=abstract

Comparison Between ‘Christabel’ from S.T.Coleridge’s Christabel and Madeline in John Keats ‘the Eve of St. Agnes’

Hameed Khan Topic: Comparison between ‘Christabel’ from S. T. Coleridge’s Christabel and Madeline in John Keats ‘The eve of St. Agnes’ Christabel from Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s ‘Christabel’ and Madeline from John Keats ‘The Eve of St. Agnes’ have many striking similarities. Throughout both poems, the two women are constantly referred to as pure, innocent, generally good girls. They are praised by the other characters and by the narrators. However, both women engage in behaviour that defies their descriptions.Occasionally, this behaviour even disrupts gender roles, and the position of the girls in their respective texts in question. The topic of concern is with a particular text in question so there is a limit to what extent this topic expands. The comparison is between the two leading females of their respective texts. The similarities that I want to point out to are limited to the leading female characters only and no t to the entire Poems in concern. On the basis of the review of both the poems and a complete study of individual characters, this paper is an attempt to point to the fact that Madeline in The Eve of St.Agnes shows character similarities in nature and behaviour to that of Christabel in Christabel by S. T. Coleridge. When we start analyzing the text of ‘Christabel’ the first thing that we come to know about her character is that there are many instances when Christabel is described as good. First of all, she is constantly called lovely, or referred to as the lovely lady Christabel â€Å"whom her father loves so well† (Coleridge 3). Christabel is adored by her father. The narrator calls Christabel her father’s joy, his pride, â€Å"So fair, so innocent, so mild† (Coleridge 16).Another aspect of Christabel’s goodness is that she is a devout Christian. The girl is described as a â€Å"youthful hermitess†¦ Who, praying always, prays in sleep † (Coleridge 10). There is one instance where â€Å"Christabel devoutly cried/To the Lady by her side,/Praise we the Virgin all divine/Who hath rescued thee from thy distress! † (Coleridge 6). By giving us details that Christabel is a good Christian, the reader can assume that she is a good person in general. Later, after Christabel takes Geraldine back into her room and Geraldine undresses, the narrator yells â€Å"O shield her! shield sweet Christabel! (Coleridge 8). Christabel is apparently not allowed to look at Geraldine’s body, perhaps in fear of corrupting her innocence. Yet the reader sees that Christabel is not as innocent as she is portrayed. Christabel’s behaviour throughout the poem is far from innocent, and at times could be called inappropriate. The reader is first introduced to Christabel as she is sneaking out of the castle. It is said that â€Å"she in the midnight wood will pray† (Coleridge 3). Automatically, there is something st range about her behaviour. Why would a young woman who presumably has a church in her home go outside to pray?Yet the narrator says that she goes â€Å"To make her gentle vows† (Coleridge 9), so she can’t be doing anything too bad. As Christabel is leaving, the narrator mentions that â€Å"She had dreams all yesternight/Of her own betrothed knight† (Coleridge 3). Not much is said about these dreams, but they can be perceived as either innocent or suspicious. As Christabel meets Geraldine, she is afraid but welcoming to the stranger. When Geraldine seems scared, â€Å"Then Christabel stretched forth her hand /And comforted fair Geraldine† (Coleridge 5). Christabel comforts Geraldine and offers to take her to her house and have her father take her home.Yet Christabel stretching out her hand can also be referring to Eve stretching out her hand and taking the apple from the snake. By stretching out her hand, Christabel is perhaps accepting evil and sin. Later , when Christabel is taking Geraldine home, Geraldine seems to faint. Christabel therefore â€Å"with might and main/Lifted her up, a weary weight,/Over the threshold of the gate† (Coleridge 5). This image of one person carrying another over a threshold and into a home is suspiciously reminiscent of a husband carrying a wife into their new life together.As Christabel is the carrier, she takes on the role of the man. Although she does not do it intentionally, Christabel is already crossing some gender boundaries. Once she finally gets Geraldine inside of her room, one of the first things that Christabel does is offer her some wine: â€Å"O weary lady, Geraldine,/I pray you, drink this cordial wine! /It is a wine of virtuous powers† (Coleridge 7). What are Christabel’s intentions here? Is she simply being friendly, or is she perhaps hoping that she can use the alcohol to manipulate her guest? Then, Christabel undresses, sits own, â€Å"And on her elbow did reclin e/To look at the lady Geraldine† (Coleridge 8) as she undresses. This interest in watching Geraldine undress seems quite uncharacteristic of Christabel, and in fact, that is when the narrator promptly jumps in to shield Christabel’s innocent eyes. After a rather questionable evening, where it can be assumed that the two women did more than just sleep, Christabel awakens and â€Å"Grows sad and soft; the smooth thin lids/Close o’er her eyes; and tears she sheds† (Coleridge 9-10). There are many different explanations for why she is crying.Perhaps it is because she knows that she has sinned, which she admits â€Å"’Sure I have sinn’d! ’† (Coleridge 11). These sins can include bringing Geraldine back into the castle, trying to manipulate her, sleeping with her, etc. So she did perform an uncharacteristic deed, but she feels bad about it so she is crying. But at the same time that she is crying, â€Å"she seems to smile/As infants at a sudden light! † (Coleridge 10). The most likely explanation for this unusual conduct is that Christabel is still under Geraldine’s spell.As she begins to cry, the spell kicks in forcing her to smile dumbly. On the next page, Christabel hopes that her sin will stay hidden: â€Å"and having prayed/That He, who on the cross did groan,/Might wash away her sins unknown† (Coleridge 11). Yes she is praying for forgiveness, but she is also praying that no one finds out about what she did. Would this be considered taking responsibility for her actions? Christabel also ponders the idea that her deceased mother is watching over her in Heaven. She asks â€Å"What if she knew her mother near? But this she knows, in joys and woes,/For the blue sky bends over all! † (Coleridge 10). She is both happy and upset that her mother is watching her. She is probably worried that her mother would not approve of her actions and be ashamed by them. Christabel’s mother wa nted her daughter to marry and have children. That was her duty as a woman of that time. Yet Christabel has just had this potentially lesbian encounter. Later, the girls go to see Sir Leoline and Bard Bracy. Bracy says that he dreamt of a dove who he called Christabel with a snake coiled around its neck.This piece of imagery has both the positive aspect of the girl as the dove, and the negative aspect of the dove being possessed by evil. It further adds to the confusion of the conflicting occurrences and mentions of Christabel’s character. This confusion center’s on the juxtaposition of the positive way the narrator describes the girl and her seemingly bad behaviour. The reader receives mixed messages, which are unfortunately not cleared up by the end of the poem. These mixed messages also occur in the poem â€Å"The Eve of St.Agnes. † The main female character, Madeline, is depicted as a good, innocent girl. The first detail that Keats gives the reader is that Madeline is still a virgin. The ceremony that Madeline is performing that night only applies to virgins, so the reader knows that Madeline is not experienced in matters of love making. Next, Madeline is caring and gentle towards her maid, Angela. When Madeline sees that Angela is on the stairs, â€Å"With†¦ pious care,/She turn’ed, and down the aged gossip led/To a safe level matting† (Keats 23).Yet although the girl is performing an action here, and elsewhere in the poem, she does not really speak except for about two stanzas when she is talking to Porphyro. This silence makes her seem quiet and passive. The reader is also allowed access into Madeline’s room, which is described in great detail: â€Å"A casement high and triple-arch’d there was, All garlanded with carven imag’ries Of fruits, and flowers, and bunches of knot-grass, And diamonded with panes of quaint device, Innumerable of stains and splendid dyes, As are the tiger-moth’ s deep-damask’d wings; And in the midst, ‘mong thousand heraldries,And twilight saints, and dim emblazonings, A shielded scutcheon blush’d with blood of queens and kings. † (Keats 23) A person’s room should somehow reflect that person’s personality, and according to Madeline’s room, she is religious, wealthy, feminine, and loyal to her family. She basically sounds like she is everything that a girl in that time period is supposed to be. Later, as Madeline is shown praying, she is described as â€Å"a saint†¦ a splendid angel†¦ so pure a thing, so free from mortal taint† (Keats 24). So Madeline, like Christabel, seems to be a rule-abiding, loyal girl.However, there are things that Madeline thinks and does that makes the reader rethink the praises sung of the girl. On one hand, Madeline is just a curious, naive girl who wishes to dream of her future husband, to have â€Å"visions of delight,/And soft adorings from their loves†¦ Hoodwink’d with faery fancy† (Keats 19). On the other hand, she hopes to dream of more than that: â€Å"Full of this whim†¦ her heart was otherwhere:/She sigh’d for Agnes’s dreams†¦ Anxious her lips, her breathing quick and short†¦ And all the bliss to be† (Keats 19). What kind of dreams is Madeline hoping to have?In the cancelled stanza that Keats was forced to take out, he describes these dreams as consisting of â€Å"More pleasures follow’d in a dizzy stream† (Keats). That is in fact how Madeline’s night ends up turning out, as it is implied that her and Porphyro have sex. But the reader cannot be sure exactly what happens and how it happens. The details are so vague, that it is confusing as to who initiated it, if there was consent, and if the act even did happen. The reader does know, nevertheless, that Madeline thinks Porphyro will leave her: â€Å"Porphyro will leave me here to fade and pine. –/’Cruel!What traitor could thee hither bring? † (Keats 27). By saying this, Madeline entraps Porphyro in a situation where he really has no choice but to stay with her. She even calls herself â€Å"A dove forlorn and lost with sick unpruned wing† (Keats 27), making herself seem helpless. She clearly is able to manipulate the situation so that Porphyro, if leaving was his intention, feels too guilty to go. She then says that she would curse him, but â€Å"my heart is lost in thine† (Keats 27), which suggests that if it were not, Madeline would have cursed him. What kind of a good Christian girl would curse someone?After their interaction, the two lovers flee the castle. Although Madeline is â€Å"beset with fears† (Keats 27) as she is running away with Porphyro, she still consents to go with him. This does show that she is passive and non-confrontational, but if she fully was a pure, innocent character, she would have refused to go with Porph yro and stayed with her family like she was supposed to. However, it can also be interpreted that since she lost her virginity to Porphyro, she must now marry him. Porphyro is therefore like a husband to her, and she must obey her husband. The messages that the author sends in this poem are mixed as well.It is constantly unclear who is controlling the situation in any given moment. In both of these poems, the two leading characters are described by the narrator as being stereotypically female. They obey the rules, they are quiet and passive, and they are lovely and gentle. It is quite a shock, to see how these girls behave; often, their behaviour could even be called stereotypically male. They manipulate and control others, they have thoughts that young girls should not be having, and they are quite independent. But how is the reader supposed to interpret these complicated details?Perhaps the authors are trying to say that women can still be good women even if they do male things, o r have male thoughts. Or maybe they are trying to say that even the most feminine girls have some male aspects, and that is completely natural. Either way, it is clear that both of these authors were progressive men who understood that gender boundaries could be quite flexible. Bibliography: Coleridge, Samuel T. Christabel. 1907. Keats, John. The Eve of St. Agnes. 1885. Rosemarie Maier, The Journal of English and Germanic Philology Vol. 70, No. 1 (Jan. , 1971)